What kind of camera/lens do you use?

I have four different arrangements. 1) For full-frame, clearest possible close-ups of birds that are fairly close I use the Nikon 4DS and my Nikkor 2.8 fixed lens. 2) For birds further away I use my Nikon D300 with either the fixed 2.8 or the fixed 4.0 lens. 3) When I need lightweight equipment I use Canon Powershot SX60HS 4)When I need a handy shot and don't have any camera, I use my iPhone.

Do you use hand-held technique or a tripod?

Both. I can hand-hold all my equipment and prefer that technique whenever possible, but there are times when I'm just waiting for something to happen that I'd rather sit or stand with my equipment supported on a tripod.

Do you have images of other birds that aren't on your website?

I have many other photos, mostly of birds. If you need a certain species you don't see here, email me. I may very well have it. I go on birding trips frequently and I'm always gathering images so there's a good chance that if I don't have it on hand I may be able to get you a picture. E.g. I am available for special assignments.

Why are so many of your subjects birds?

I was a birder before I was a photographer, and I am still a huge fan of birds!

How do I print from a digital download? Do I need to have a professional print it?

It depends. Many home printers do a great job printing onto glossy photo paper, but not all. Try it. Be sure you have all your settings right, though, like the type of paper, orientation, etc.  Be sure to purchase a 300 dpi download, however. 72 ppi is for web use, not printing.

What do the pixel sizes mean?

The easy way to convert pixel sizes to inches is to take each dimension and divide by the number of pixels per inch. Eg: 3000 px ÷ 300 pixels per inch = 10 inches. Repeat with the other dimension. For the web-sized images, then 3000 px ÷ 72 dots(pixels) per inch = 41.67 inches. That would be mighty big on your computer screen!

What is the different between 300 dpi and 72 ppi?

First, dpi (dots per inch) and ppi (pixels per inch) are exactly the same thing. The difference is in the numbers 300 or 72, which represent the density of pixels that will appear in the image. An image with just 72 pixels for each inch will not look sharp if printed on paper, but is adequate for screen use. A printed image needs a high density of pixels (like 300 dpi) to come out looking good.

How close to the birds do you have to get?

When you are shooting in the wild, birds will usually not allow you to get too close before they fly off. Nevertheless, the closer the better, unless it's a Cassowary that is 6 ft tall and has very sharp claws. Anyway, over the years I have learned about the safety space most birds require and try to stop at about that distance. This varies a great deal...comes with experience.

Why don't you use a zoom lens?

The quality that zoom lenses can deliver can never compete with a fixed lens.

Do you travel alone or with a group?

Both. My favorite travel arrangement is to drive around in a car on dirt roads with my husband driving and me hanging out the window snapping pictures from my "car blind". He and I have been to South Africa and Australia that way, but when we go to places with less satisfactory infrastructure like Brazil, we go with a small birding group, never larger than 8 persons.

Do you shoot in RAW or jpg?

Both. Mostly RAW, but although the Canon Powershot does allow Raw shooting, I use jpg with it, mostly because I use it mostly for landscapes or flower images and I like the job the camera does for that purpose.

What developing software do you use?

I use Creative Cloud Lightroom and Photoshop.

What if I need an untouched, native image or need a different size or color profile?

This is no problem, just email me.

What kind of image licensing model do you use?

All of my images are licensed as an editorial royalty free license that is non-transferable, non-exclusive, perpetual, worldwide, and multiple use. Royalty free  does not mean the images are free. In short, it means that you pay a flat fee, once, and you can use it forever without any further payment obligations. Under this model, I still retain ownership and copyright of the photo. You are simply granted the right to use the photo. The “Free” in “Royalty Free” concept refers to the fact that you don’t have to pay royalties to the owner of the image every time you use the photo. For more information, this is a great resource.

Do you have a picture of ________?

I have many other photos, mostly of birds. If you need a certain species you don't see here, email me. I may very well have it. I go on birding trips frequently and I'm always gathering images so there's a good chance that if I don't have it on hand I may be able to get you a picture. E.g. I am available for special assignments.

What if I am not satisfied with my purchase?

If you are not satisfied with the quality of your purchase, explain to me in an email, and I will return your money.